Refractory

Refractory, at its core, describes resistance to control, treatment, or authority. In medicine, it signifies a condition that doesn't respond to standard therapies. In materials science, it denotes a substance's ability to withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming.

More broadly, it can describe a person or an animal that is stubbornly disobedient or unmanageable. The specific nuance depends heavily on the context in which it's used, ranging from clinical resistance to a drug to willful defiance of rules or laws.

Ultimately, Refractory suggests a persistent inability or unwillingness to be affected or changed.

Refractory meaning with examples

• The patient's leukemia proved to be Refractory to all tested chemotherapy regimens, necessitating exploration of experimental treatment options and raising concerns about the long-term prognosis and quality of life.
• The Refractory clay lining the furnace allowed it to maintain extremely high temperatures for extended periods, crucial for the industrial process of smelting metals efficiently.
• Despite repeated attempts at training, the mule remained Refractory, refusing to cooperate with the plow and exhibiting a stubborn streak that frustrated the farmer's efforts.
• The gang member, known for his Refractory attitude, ignored the judge's warnings and continued to disrupt the court proceedings, showcasing a blatant disregard for authority.