Describing a system, philosophy, action, or value that does not primarily emphasize practical usefulness, efficiency, or the maximization of overall happiness or well-being (utility) as the primary justification. It focuses instead on principles like aesthetics, morality, intrinsic value, or the inherent goodness of something, regardless of its perceived benefits. A non-utilitarian perspective often prioritizes values and principles beyond mere outcomes, emphasizing the process, the intrinsic worth of the thing itself, or adherence to established ethical rules rather than the greatest good for the greatest number. It values things in themselves, not just for what they produce.
Non-utilitarian meaning with examples
- The artist's decision to create a complex and time-consuming sculpture, despite its lack of practical function, exemplifies a non-utilitarian approach. The value lies in the artistic expression and the aesthetic experience it provides, independent of any practical purpose. He pursued art, viewing its value beyond how it contributes to his wealth.
- The preservation of a historical landmark, even if expensive and inconvenient, is often justified on non-utilitarian grounds. The focus is on its historical significance, cultural value, and the connection to the past, overriding any cost-benefit analysis that might favor demolition or redevelopment for practical gain. The community felt a strong obligation to its preservation.
- Engaging in an act of selfless kindness, without expectation of personal reward or reciprocal benefit, demonstrates a non-utilitarian moral stance. The motivation stems from empathy, compassion, or a sense of duty, not from the desire to increase one's own happiness or social standing. He chose a non-utilitarian mindset to benefit others.
- Many religious or spiritual practices, like meditation or prayer, are often considered non-utilitarian. Their purpose is often self-improvement, spiritual connection, and a heightened level of understanding and is not about measurable productivity or tangible outcomes. They are valued for their inherent meaning and personal significance. Meditation and prayer are important for the sake of the soul.
- The philosophical perspective that values the inherent rights and dignity of all sentient beings, regardless of their utility to humans, aligns with non-utilitarian ethics. This view suggests that all life is valuable and should be respected. This approach is central to ethical vegetarianism and animal rights.