The adjective 'intermediate-temperature' describes a process, material, or environment characterized by a temperature range that falls between low and high temperatures, without necessarily specifying exact numerical boundaries. This temperature range is typically above ambient conditions but below the boiling or ignition point of common materials. It is often a critical parameter in industrial processes, scientific experiments, and engineering designs, affecting reaction rates, material properties, and energy efficiency. Careful control of intermediate temperatures is vital for achieving desired outcomes and ensuring safety. The specific definition of 'intermediate' can vary depending on the context.
Intermediate-temperature meaning with examples
- The ceramic sintering process required an intermediate-temperature stage to remove volatile organic compounds before the final, high-temperature densification. This prevented cracking and ensured a uniform microstructure in the finished product. The precise temperature and duration of this stage were meticulously controlled to optimize the material's mechanical properties and minimize energy consumption, a key part of the manufacturing.
- In the heat treatment of steel, an intermediate-temperature tempering step is crucial for achieving the desired balance of hardness and ductility. This process reduces internal stresses created during the initial quenching phase. Understanding the specific temperature range needed for this is vital for the final product, as the properties can vary widely, depending on the alloy and final use of the steel.
- Researchers investigating catalytic reactions often study them at intermediate-temperature conditions to balance reaction speed with the stability of the catalyst. Too high and the catalyst will degrade, too low and the reaction will move too slow to make efficient use of the catalyst. Understanding the reaction pathway requires a range of temperatures.
- The design of a combined cycle power plant involves utilizing waste heat from gas turbines at an intermediate-temperature to generate steam for a secondary steam turbine. This is an efficient way to increase overall power generation and efficiency. This process uses the energy twice to increase efficiency, providing cheaper electricity to consumers.