Gemstones are naturally occurring crystalline minerals (or sometimes organic materials) that have been cut and polished to be used as jewelry or other adornments.
Their value is derived from their beauty (color, brilliance, luster), rarity, durability, and perceived significance.
gemstones are formed through geological processes and are found in various parts of the world, each often associated with specific regions.
Different cultures assign different meanings and powers to gemstones, which have been used for centuries for both ornamental and practical purposes, including tools and amulets.
The study and identification of gemstones is called gemology, which encompasses their physical and optical properties, including refractive index, specific gravity, hardness and chemical composition, which influence their value in the jewelry industry.
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